In learning, we see people adopting different styles. People learn differently: some like reading, while others prefer watching, listening, or doing those things practically. Depending on the situation, we often move between these ways. There are two significant modalities in learning: Focused Thinking and Diffuse Thinking. Barbara Oakley, an engineering professor and author, named and outlined these. She posited that both animals and humans use these approaches in their lives.
Focused Thinking and Diffuse Thinking don’t crossover; they are opposite. But, the key to optimal learning might be to incorporate a blend of both conscientiously. This combination can offer the best results in how we learn and experience the world around us. In this blog, we will discuss what is focused thinking and what is diffuse thinking. We will also share the differences between both of them.
What is Focused Thinking?
An academic and author, Barbara Oakley is known for popularising a learning model. This model describes Focused Thinking as being dependent on established neural pathways. It’s about using existing thought patterns. This kind of thinking is what you use when dealing with problems you’ve seen before or when you’re learning something new related to what you know. The big plus of focused thinking is that it helps you sort through and solve problems step-by-step. You’re using it as you read and try to get this idea.
Examples of Focused Thinking
In everyday life, scenarios unfold where focused thinking becomes essential. Imagine a person using focused thinking while studying flashcards for an upcoming exam. They’re not just looking at the cards but actively reading new material aloud to understand it better. This method is similar to practicing sports drills to improve at a particular move—both focus on a task simultaneously, not multitasking. Take, for instance, sitting down to write an essay. This activity requires your full attention, proving that focused thinking is about deep engagement with your academic or physical work.
What is Diffuse Thinking?
daydreaming. Unlike focused thinking, diffuse thinking doesn’t follow a defined path. Instead, it allows the brain to process, ponder, and think beyond the conscious effort of concentrating on one thing. This state is where subconscious thoughts form unexpected connections between disparate ideas, which can result in developing innovative solutions. For instance, when taking a walk, showering, or staring out the window, your mind is in a diffuse thinking mode. It is crucial for connecting new and unfamiliar concepts with your experience, helping you learn more holistically.
Also Read: Knowledge vs Skill
Examples of Diffuse Thinking
Diffuse thinking shines in scenarios that showcase its unique advantage. Imagine asking yourself a question about a problem you need help solving. Instead of fixating on it, stepping away and mindfully enjoying nature on a hike or signing up for a new-to-you class to develop a different skill or hobby can spark unexpected insights. It usually happens because you’re not directly working on the problem. However, this break allows your mind to make connections you might have missed before, proving the subtle power of diffuse thinking in creativity and problem-solving.
Focused Thinking vs. Diffuse Thinking: What's the Difference?
So, what is the main difference? Focused Thinking involves conscious thought. When you deliberately focus on something, like when practicing a specific play on the basketball court, your brain’s prefrontal cortex gets busy behind your forehead. This area controls memory, decision-making, and problem-solving. For example, you’re in focused thinking mode when solving a math problem or writing a paper.
Diffuse thinking, on the other hand, occurs in the background. It’s not about consciously focusing on the details but seeing the big picture.
Imagine focused and diffuse thinking as using a flashlight. In focused thinking, the flashlight’s beam is narrow and sharp, like shining an intense light on a tiny spot. This is like zeroing in all your attention on one specific task or problem.
Diffuse thinking, on the other hand, is like widening the flashlight’s beam. The light spreads out, not as intense in any one spot, but it lights up a bigger area. It’s less about the tiny details and more about seeing the whole scene – the bigger picture around the problem you’re focusing on.
And like when you use a wide beam of light, diffuse thinking helps you look at problems differently or see them from different angles. It can lead to those great solutions.
Also Read: Vicarious Learning vs Observational Learning
Combine the Power of Focused Thinking and Diffuse Thinking
As Oakley suggests, the real trick is to choose when to cycle between focused and diffuse thinking for the best impact. When working on a challenging problem, start rationally to explore and consciously define the real issue. Then, let your brain relax so your subconscious can process and play with ideas in your head, leading to innovative solutions. This thinking strategy can add tremendous value to your problem-solving and learning processes.
Final Thoughts
Switching between focused and diffuse thinking is vital for creativity and getting great results. This combination helps you learn new things, finish projects, and find inspiration that you might have missed before. Try using both ways in your work or study habits. See what’s best for you. Sometimes, letting your mind drift helps you find a great idea. Other times, really concentrating enables you to solve challenging problems. Finding the right balance between these two ways of thinking allows you to overcome challenges and welcome new ideas.
